Ivar Vegge shows that the ancient Mediterranean world was especially sensitive to idealized praise and blame or threats as hortative means. This is reflected in the pedagogy of the moral philosophers (psychagogy) and in the letter-writing tradition (epistolography), and to some extent also in the rhetorical tradition. Paul utilizes this method in 2 Corinthians.

Annotated Catologue of the Ampulicidae,
Sphecidae & Crabronidae of Turkey
Insecta: Hymenoptera
Faunistica, No. 71

By Toshko Ljubomirov & Erol Yildirim
March 2008
Pensoft
Distributed By Coronet Books
ISBN: 9789546423122
316 pages, Illustrated, 6 1/2 x 9 1/4"
$147.50 Paper Original

The present work is the first complete catalogue of the digger wasps (families Ampulicidae, Crabronidae, and Sphecidae) of Turkey. During 162 years of exploration, 715 nominal names have been proposed for the 530 species and 19 subspecies in 78 genera currently recognized for the Turkish fauna.

Catalogued genera are arranged within the three families mentioned above based on the latest concepts regarding the phylogenetic relationships of digger wasps and bees. Citations to the original description are given for each valid species, followed by a summary of previous provincial records in Turkey.Maps illustrating provincial distributions are also provided for each species.

Eight species names are corrected for nomenclatural reasons, one species is synonymized, and lectotypes are designated for four species group taxa. The genus Dynatus, previously recorded from Turkey on the basis of the Neotropical D. nigripes (Westwood, 1832), is here excluded from the Turkish fauna. The catalogue includes 138 reference titles and 551 maps. The book will be an essential addition to any zoological library.

Table of contents
Preface
About the Catalogue
Acknowledgments
Family Ampulicidae Shuckard, 1840
Subfamily Ampulicinae Shuckard, 1840
Family Sphecidae Latreille, 1802
Subfamily Sceliphrinae Ashmead, 1899
Subfamily Sphecinae Latreille, 1802
Subfamily Ammophilinae Ed. Andre, 1886
Family Crabronidae Latreille, 1802
Subfamily Astatinae Lepeletier de Saint-Fargeau, 1845
Subfamily Bembicinae Latreille, 1802
Subfamily Philanthinae Latreille, 1802
Subfamily Pemphredoninae Dahlbom, 1835
Subfamily Crabroninae Latreille, 1802

Entomology

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