The essays collected in this volume emerged at the conference Evil in Second Temple Judaism and in early Christianity in 2014 at the Centre for the social science study of the Bible on the St. Marys University in Twickenham. Scientists from around the world will present the latest research on the representation of evil to the Second Temple period and during the first centuries of Christianity. The contributions deal with the meaning of "evil" in relation to various issues, including Qumran and the texts found there, the view of mutilation in 2 Maccabees, the demarcation of Jesus from evil in early Christian manuscripts, the "apocalyptic Paul" , the exorcisms of Jesus, the cosmology of the Gospels, the Book of James, the fourth Ezra , the Ascension of Isaiah , Marcion, John Chrysostom and theMartyrs reports.